Baku has several shopping malls; the most famous city centre malls are Port Baku, Park Bulvar, Ganjlik Mall, Metro Park, 28 MALL, Aygun city and AF MALL. Добро пожаловать в бакинский ад! Baku remained as an integral part of his empire and the successive Iranian dynasties to come for the next centuries, until the irrevocable cession in the first half of the 19th century. [25] Zubov had sent 13,000 men to capture Baku, and it was overrun subsequently without any resistance. By the end of 1941, hundred of thousands of Azerbaijanis had joined the People's Voluntary Corps. World War 2 rewritten: Churchill’s catastrophic plan ‘would have lost war’ SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL "was one of the leading proponents of a plan to bomb Soviet oil fields … [48][49] [106] Baku is also to host the fourth edition of the Islamic Solidarity Games in 2017. The Martyrs' Lane, formerly the Kirov Park, is dedicated to the memory of those who lost their lives during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and also to the 137 people killed on Black January. Headed by General William Thomson, British troops of 5,000 soldiers, including parts of Dunsterforce, arrived in Baku on 17 November. However, militarily superior, the Russians ended this war in a victory as well, and the resulting Treaty of Turkmenchay made its inclusion into the Russian Empire definite. Baku is noted for being a focal point for traders from all across the world during the Early modern period, commerce was active and the area was prosperous. The State Road M-1 and the European route E60 are the two main motorway connections between Europe and Azerbaijan. Operation Edelweiss, named after the mountain flower, was a German plan to gain control over the Caucasus and capture the oil fields of Baku during the Soviet-German War.The operation was authorised by Hitler on 23 July 1942. The year 1992 signaled the start of a new stage in oil production after the fall in output caused by the profound economic decline in … [35] The newly independent Azerbaijani republic, being unable to defend the independence of the country on their own, asked the Ottoman Empire for military support in accordance with clause 4 of the treaty between the two countries. The city, however, continues to lack a green belt development as economic activity pours into the capital, resulting in massive housing projects along the suburbs.[104]. Celebrating 30 Years as Sister Cities", "Bordeaux-Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures", "Баку и Рио-де-Жанейро стали городами-побратимами – 1NEWS.AZ", "Azerbaijani US Ambassador: Israel Is a Pragmatic Partner and Good Friend, We Want it to Be Normal for Muslims and Jews to Be Allies", url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001305/130571e.pdf |ICOMOS, Baku's profile at the Organization of World Heritage Cities website, UNESCO World Heritage Site listing Walled City of Baku, Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, Azerbaijan State Museum of Musical Culture, Azerbaijan State University of Culture and Arts, Institutional seats of the European Union, Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan’s Palace, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baku&oldid=996450036, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr), Articles with Azerbaijani-language sources (az), Articles with dead external links from September 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Serbian-language sources (sr), Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Articles lacking reliable references from June 2016, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type, Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Azerbaijan State Theatre of Song named after Rashid Behbudov, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 18:04. Once he thought that Britain was out, Hitler turned his forces on Russia during Operation Barbarossa. Apart from the private universities, the government established the Academy of Public Administration, the Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy and various military academies. [88] In 2009 the Inner City was removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger.[89]. Professor A. V. Williams Jackson of Columbia University wrote in his work From Constantinople to the Home of Omar Khayyam (1911): Baku is a city founded upon oil, for to its inexhaustible founts of naphtha it owes its very existence, its maintenance, its prosperity... At present Baku produces one-fifth of the oil that is used in the world, and the immense output in crude petroleum from this single city far surpasses that in any other district where oil is found. Towards the end of the 20th century much of the onshore petroleum had been exhausted, and drilling had extended into the sea offshore. Many of the city's cultural sites were celebrated in 2009 when Baku was designated an Islamic Culture Capital. I believe his quote was, "Either I take the oilfields at Maikop and Grozny, or I must put an end to this war". We directly support the repository at WW2.ORG, and several other worthwhile projects that add to the historical record. [114] The city's three main football clubs are Neftchi Baku, Inter Baku and Qarabağ FK of whom first has eight Premier League titles making Neftchi the most successful Azerbaijani football club. The Baku International Sea Trade Port is capable of handling two million tonnes of general and dry bulk cargoes per year. Indeed, the city is renowned for its fierce winter snow storms and harsh winds. Baku lies on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, alongside the Bay of Baku. To me this was Hitler's greatest mistake of the war, not putting more emphasis on the south, which at times was against the advice of his generals. It is adjacent to the newly built International Centre of Mugham and the musical fountain. It has also become the first city hosting the first European Games in 2015.[78]. [14] Notably, traders from the Indian subcontinent established themselves in the region. Oil is in the air one breathes, in one's nostrils, in one's eyes, in the water of the morning bath (though not in the drinking water, for that is brought in bottles from distant mineral springs), in one's starched linen – everywhere. They never had a year to get the Maikop fields going again. Welcome to WWII Forums! Muslim Magomayev, one of the most famous singers of the USSR. The majority of Azerbaijan's media companies (including television, newspaper and radio, such as, Azad Azerbaijan TV, Ictimai TV, Lider TV and Region TV) are headquartered in Baku. Log in or Sign up to interact with the community. BakuCard is a single Smart Card for payment on all types of city transport. [120] In 2019, the Baku suburban railway opened. The most important libraries in terms of historic document collections include the Nizami Museum of Azerbaijan Literature, the National Library of Azerbaijan, the Mirza Alakbar Central Library, the Samad Vurgun Library and Baku Presidential Library. Baku is one of the most important tourist destinations in the Caucasus, with hotels in the city earning 7 million euros in 2009. In the 10th century, the Arabian traveler, Marudee, reported that both white and black oil were being extracted naturally from Baku. Another and even less probable folk etymology explains the name as deriving from Baghkuy, meaning "God's town". [130], Baku State University, the first established university in Azerbaijan was opened in 1919 by the government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. Large-scale oil exploration started in 1872 when Russian imperial authorities auctioned the parcels of oil-rich land around Baku to private investors. As of 2011[update], 1,000 black cabs are ordered by Baku Taxi Company, and as part of a programme originally announced by the Transport Ministry of Azerbaijan, there is a plan to introduce London cabs into Baku. More complete information about the Rothschild oil company that instigated the Armenian Genocide: The Rothschilds owned (since 1884) the The Caspian and Black Sea Petroleum Company, which extracted oil from fields near Baku, in Azerbaijan, and shipped it over the Caucasus by rail to Batumi in FSR Georgia, thence to their refinery in Fiume (a port city now called Rijeka) on the Adriatic. [11] In recent years, Baku has become an important venue for international events. From 1922 to 1930, Baku was the venue for one of the major Trade fairs of the Soviet Union, serving as a commercial bridgehead to Iran and the Middle East.[38]. This included Romania which had fought with the Allies in World War I. Romania was critical because of the vital Ploesti oil fields. You are at a gateway to WWII discussion, research, exploration, & analysis. Commercial exploitation began in 1872, and by the beginning of the 20th century the Baku oil fields were the largest in the world. B-24 attacking Romanian oil fields August 1st 1943. Baku has many popular tourist and entertainment spots, such as the downtown Fountains Square, the One and Thousand Nights Beach, Shikhov Beach and Oil Rocks. Which likely means the Soviets wouldn't case that much even if the Germans somehow succeeded in successfully torching Baku as the Volga-Ural fields made it somewhat superfluous. At Baku, there were ten defense zones built around the city to prevent possible German invasion. I'd forgotten about the cake though, I think its amazing! When then took Maikop it nearly took them a year to get the oilfields running again. Following the victory of Azerbaijan's representative Eldar & Nigar at the Eurovision Song Contest 2011, Baku hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2011", "Closing ceremony of Cultural Year "Baku- Islamic Culture Capital-2009" conducted in Azerbaijan", Azerbaycan'da Gül Bayramı ve Aliyev'in doğum günü kutlanıyor, "IDEA campaign to hold Earth Hour action", "Baku's Architecture:A Fusion of East and West", "UNESCO celebrates World Cities Day designating 66 new Creative Cities", "Traditional hamams in all its glory in Baku", "Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre And Flame Towers", "Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower – UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower", "Azerbaijan Will Open New Contemporary Art Center in 2015", "Meyxana", ya "bədihə" sözü aləmi bir-birinə qatıb, "Azerbaijan win Eurovision as Blue and Jedward finish mid-table", "Azerbaijan win Eurovision contest with Running Scared", "Baku International Jazz Festival has been opened in Azerbaijan", "Baku International Jazz Festival Official Site", "The Director-General hails the importance of living traditions at the Mugham Festival in Baku, Azerbaijan", "Battlefield 4 a sneaky screen from Baku", "Food and Restaurants in Azerbaijan and Baku", Beograd na vrhu liste gradova sa najboljim noćnim provodom, Экология и охрана окружающей среды в Азербайджане, "Euro 2020: England might have to play games at Hampden Park", "Azerbaijan is a country known for its love of sport and sportsmanship", "Chess players from 11 countries to join "Baku Open 2010. It was constructed to be a major cargo hub in the CIS countries and is actually now one of the biggest and most technically advanced in the region. During Soviet times, Baku, with its long hours of sunshine and dry healthy climate, was a vacation destination where citizens could enjoy beaches or relax in now-dilapidated spa complexes overlooking the Caspian Sea. Azeri M… Thomson declared himself military governor of Baku and implemented martial law on the capital until "the civil power would be strong enough to release the forces from the responsibility to maintain the public order". Turkey lost the war by October 1918, then conducted the Armistice of Mudros with the British, which meant Baku was to be evacuated. The city's past as a Soviet industrial centre left it one of the most polluted cities in the world, as of 2008[update]. With the onset of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War and the pogrom against Armenians starting in January 1990, the city's large Armenian population was expelled. [76] Baku also has many museums such as Baku Museum of Modern Art and Azerbaijan State Museum of History, most notably featuring historical artifacts and art. [33][34] After the massacre, on 28 May 1918, the Azerbaijani faction of the Transcaucasian Sejm proclaimed the independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) in Ganja, thereby becoming the first Muslim-majority democratic and secular republic. The majority of the Muslims are Shia Muslims, and the Republic of Azerbaijan has the second highest Shia population percentage in the world after Iran. The motorway network around Baku is well developed and is constantly being extended. The city is listed 48th in the 2011 list of the most expensive cities in the world conducted by the Mercer Human Resource Consulting. The Soviets retook it on 29 January 1943. This pogrom was known as the September Days. Among Baku's cultural venues are Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall, Azerbaijan State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre. As a result, Baku played a great role in many branches of Soviet life. [71] Many sizable world hotel chains have a presence in the city. Standard Oil promised to supply the fuel. Filmdə ikinci Dünya müharibəsinin tarixinə tamamilə yeni baxış bucağından – neft uğrunda savaş prizmasından baxılır. The Shirvan era greatly influenced Baku and the remainder of what is present-day Azerbaijan. By article 48 of its Constitution, Azerbaijan is a secular state and ensures religious freedom. After a devastating earthquake struck Shamakhi, the capital of Shirvan, Shirvanshah's court moved to Baku in 1191.[18]. [28] It was mechanically drilled, though a number of hand-dug wells predate it. [83] Baku has an original and unique appearance, earning it a reputation as the 'Paris of the East'. The city is growing dynamically and developing at full speed on an east–west axis along the shores of the Caspian Sea. Baku ranked as one of the largest centres for the production of oil industry equipment before World War II. In the Azerbaijan Women's Volleyball Super League, Baku is represented by Rabita Baku, Azerrail Baku, Lokomotiv Baku and Azeryol Baku. Join in if you dare! [27] The intensive growth of the population started in the middle of the 19th century when Baku was a small town with a population of about 7,000 people. Drilling for oil began in the mid-1800s, with the first oil well drilled in the Bibi-Heybat suburb of Baku in 1846. The intercity buses and metro use this type of card-based fare-payment system. For Baku supplied 80% of the petrol, 90% of its naphtha and 96% of its lubricants to the Soviet Union war machine. Baku's largest industry is petroleum, and its petroleum exports make it a large contributor to Azerbaijan's balance of payments. 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