IvyPanda. McGregor -Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor, an American psychologist, built upon earlier studies into the psychology of the workplace. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. 5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? E. the average worker does not like to be directed. Ideal for all companies Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. 4. the average worker has little ambition. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. 4. social needs Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 2. 4. when two people do one job. 3. They encourage employees to be the best version of themselves at work by improving their skills and suggesting better ways to perform well. Frederick Taylor. There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. 1. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. In contrast to Theory Y, McGregor suggested that conventional managers assume that people are lazy (which he called Theory X), avoid responsibility, and need coercion and control. 3. extrinsic reward 3. an example of job enlargement. 4. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. All Rights Reserved. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. Jobs are more satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual increases. The XY Theory diagram and measurement tool below (pdf and doc versions) are adaptations of McGregor's ideas for modern organisations, management and work. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. 4. when two people do one job. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. 5. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. 3. a compressed workweek. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory, Hillcrest Memorial Hospital: Employee Motivation and Empowerment, Empowerment of Workers in Hospitality Organizations, An Overview Of the Work Done By Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, The evolution of McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory, The X and Y Theories by D. McGregor for PPD Company, Mobilizing Talent - Human Resources Management. Shorten working hours Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. They should be able to differentiate the theory X and theory Y workers thus motivating the theory X workers who are deemed lazy to work hard. In a fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization. 2. flextime. 2. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. 5. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . ADVERTISEMENTS: 4. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. Since every employee is unique, following generic Theory X or Theory Y will not work. Theory X managers assumes that "the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if he can" (McGregor, 1960, p 33) and because of this "most people must . Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. B. Frederick llerzberg. 2. job rotation An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. 1. providing opportunities for employee growth Herzberg's hygiene factors. Business Studies. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. This is an example of flextime. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. IvyPanda. Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? A type of job enrichment D. Herzberg's motivational factors. Instead of punishing the employee or associating a reward with work, the manager will allow them to collaborate with others and find solutions that fulfill the team members self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." McGregor's Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. Most people are gullible and unintelligent. According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. Theory Y. Its important to us that we challenge our assumptions frequently. He used his knowledge of psychology and other areas of the behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. More than changes in organizational assumptions, HR must lead the change in organizational assumptions in favor of talent retention and a strong culture in terms of agility, creativity, and innovation. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Most human beings are not very fond of working and will avoid completing a task. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. Job enhancement. T or F. A compressed workweek is: Abraham Maslow. Necessary rewards upon task completion can be given to keep employees motivated. E. the equity theory. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. 5. salary. Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. Students are not motivated to learn new information. As a result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives. Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. Job sharing Most people have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. 1. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. 3. the equity theory. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. 2. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Fig. While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Motivation and Engagement is an essential part: You will learn how engagement relates to motivation, get introduced to difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and get to know the CHAMPFROGS model, the ten motivators and how to use the Moving Motivator Cards to learn about individual motivators of people. needs, while Theory Y managers address Maslow's high- McGregor's Theory X perspective. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. How can managers avoid equity problems? The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. These do not require any motivation to work. Be aware also that many X-Theory managers are forced to be X-Theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their superiors - an X-Theory manager is usually someone with their problems, so try not to give them any more. reward is the sole motivator for workers. 2. achievement But what does it mean in practice? 5. 5. 2. Theory X Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. Most people are self-centered. 4. 5. flextime. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. . Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. 4. job rotation. Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . 2. extrinsic need The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. 3. Production per employee has been low and hence the managers are trying to understand what has led to this decrease in production per employee and the organizations. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. There is often a central authority base and managers follow an authoritative leadership style. If we take as an example extrinsic (X) and intrinsic (Y) motivations and their context dependence. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. conditions to increase productivity. ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factor, Instructional Design Certificate (Fully Online), ADDIE Instructional Design Certificate Program (Fully Online), Instructional Design Models Certificate (Fully Online), Model of Motivation: ARCS Instructional Design. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. Once a given level of needs is . Only when these needs are met can people focus their attention on satisfying the next level of needs. 5. by ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance, According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs do people strive to satisfy first? We are hiring! Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. 1. 1. 1. Businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years. Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. 5. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. Our mission is to foster educational excellence. They believe that the following statements are true of workers: 1. McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Frederick Taylor vs. Douglas McGregor vs. Elton Mayo. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. Theory X, Theory Y. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. 1. esteem needs If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. 2. equity theory Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . Instead, self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs must be fulfilled to motivate the team members. The financial incentive does not motivate all employees. 3. the equity theory. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. Students experience self-satisfaction when they learn and this is enough to motivate them to meet their learning goals. Workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed. Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? 3. diversity. More autonomy, more purpose, and mastery items mentioned inDaniel Pinks book (Drive)are just three of a series of items mentioned when we talk about motivation, engagement, and happiness at work. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. Kelsey, Tatum, and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work for a public relations agency. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. B. the humanistic view of management.C. Workers dislike their jobs and they are inherently lazy. 4. working condition According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. 1. job rotation. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. B. the humanistic view of management. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: They can only be made to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction. This theory cannot be used with experienced professionals. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. McGregor's theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, is a management approach proposed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise." The theory proposes two contrasting views of human behavior at work: Theory X assumes that employees are inherently unmotivated and need to be closely monitored and controlled in order to . Reduce a company's operating expenses 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. professional specifically for you? 3. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. 4. responsibility Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. An example of job enlargement Herzberg's motivational factors. 25. option A is correct 2. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. Your email address will not be published. 1. intrinsic reward McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. 3. achievement 1. 1. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. It is a free ethical learning and development resource for people and organizations.

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