If these images did not survive, it might be hard to believe such an absurd spectacle ever took place: a baseball game played while everyone present was wearing flu masks. The most severe pandemic of the 20th century was the so-called “Spanish flu,” estimated to have caused between 20 and 50 million deaths over 1918 and 1919. The war dominated 1918, and attendance per game rose 92% in In 2020, many children are being homeschooled or receiving lessons online. The players’ exact order in this photo is unknown. By the end of the week, the mask order was lifted and life slowly returned to normal. Meanwhile, other nurses were tasked with making the masks. Overall, the war and the pandemic slashed MLB game attendance by over half from what it was in the previous season. Eventually, hospitals were so overcrowded that overflow facilities, like this one at the Eberts Field military base in Arkansas, were created. Flu masks were common in 1918 and 1919 during the influenza pandemic. May 6- A 24 year old outfielder named George Halas makes his MLB debut for the New York Yankees. Credit: Sam Hood/State Library of New South Wales. The major-league regular season was cut short by the US government’s “work or fight” order, requiring all able-bodied men to enlist in the military or take an essential defense-industry job. sports-reference.com/cfb/bowls/rose-bowl.html. Because of World War I, its season had ended a month early, on Sept. 2, before the worst of the outbreak. Doc Crandall, who pitched all 11 innings for Standard, worked around two singles to retire the side in the bottom half. One of the most highly anticipated games in Major League Baseball history is back on the schedule. This is what a Red Cross mask-making station looked liked in 1918. Karl Crandall — who during the PCL season had broken up his brother Doc’s no-hit bid for the Los Angeles Angels19 — walked with two outs and then advanced to second, then third base on wild pitches by Sullivan. Major League Baseball has been here before, caught between a deadly pandemic and the sport’s cherished role as our national pastime. U.S. involvement in World War I -- and on a lesser level the flu pandemic of 1918 -- compromised the 1918 and 1919 MLB seasons, but baseball on Memorial Day persisted. Picture shows a baseball player wearing a mask during the Flu epidemic of 1918. MLB announced tentative plans for the inaugural MLB at Field of Dreams presented by GEICO in 2021 after the event’s original debut was pushed back a year by the coronavirus pandemic. Norman E. Brown of the Cleveland-based Central Press Association wire service created a series of illustrations with star major-league players wearing flu masks. In St. Louis, Missouri, shortly after the first cases of flu were detected, local health officials ordered schools, churches, courtrooms and libraries closed. Each day, women from the Department of War gathered for a 15-minute morning walk, in the hopes that the fresh air would ward off the flu. Pasadena won 5-4 in the first of nine games they would play each other all winter. The flu’s second wave devastated Southern California before the two baseball teams could return to the field for their next game. 10 “Pasadena ‘Flu’ Mask Law Wide in Scope; Dogs, Cats Don ’Em,” Los Angeles Evening Express, January 20, 1919. In 1918, an estimated one-third of the world's population contracted the H1N1 "Spanish flu" influenza virus. It was 1919. Other … 2 “Los Angeles, California,” Influenza Encyclopedia, eds. Women in New York City could be seen bundled in scarves and masks while out shopping. 1919 MLB Standings, Team and Player Statistics, Leaderboards, Award Winners, Trades, Minor Leagues, Fielding, Batting, Pitching, New Debuts Phone: 602.496.1460 How the 1919 Stanley Cup Final provides a window into modern-history's deadliest pandemic M ore than a century later, the solemnity of the Montreal Gazette headline remains haunting, even … The 1919 Stanley Cup playoffs were also suspended after an outbreak of the Spanish flu. When Pasadena lifted its mask ordinance for good four days later, the city rejoiced with an impromptu parade of cars tooting their horns along the main thoroughfares. Tragic scenes like this played out in homes around the world, because between 40 and 100 million people were killed by the 1918–1919 flu pandemic, including 4,000 Albertans. A six-year climate anomaly (1914–1919) brought cold, marine air to Europe, drastically changing its weather, as documented by eyewitness accounts and instrumental records, reaching as far as the Gallipoli campaign, in Turkey, where ANZAC troops suffered extremely cold temperatures despite the normally Mediterranean climate of the region. The illustration of Shoeless Joe Jackson can be found at newspapers.com/clip/51830833/palladium-item, from the Richmond (Indiana) Palladium-Item on March 31, 1919. Image: Topical Press Agency/Getty Images. Register now to join us for the SABR Virtual Analytics Conference on March 11-14, 2021. This exhibit sheds light on the experiences of families like the Romboughs, and considers how this global pandemic played out at home. The fans in the wooden bleachers are wearing masks, too. But not every city was as vigilant. Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide during 1918-1919. The Red Cross assembled teams of volunteers to help fight the pandemic in the United States. 27th February 1919. Game attendance more than doubled — from 2,830,613 in 1918 to 6,532,439 in 1919. "That's equivalent to 225 to 450 million people today," said John Barry, a scholar at Tulane University and author of "The Great Influenza." Before the internet, working remotely wasn't an option. Even in this modern era, outbreaks are nearly constant, though not every outbreak reaches pandemic level as COVID-19 has. In San Francisco, the congregation of the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption gathered to hear Mass. Among the players on Pasadena’s roster were Emil “Irish” Meusel of the Philadelphia Phillies, Fred McMullin and Frank Shellenback of the Chicago White Sox, George Cutshaw of the Pittsburgh Pirates, and Pete Schneider and Red Killefer of the Cincinnati Reds. The flu mask game did not immediately cause much of a stir. A little over a century earlier, a different pandemic rattled the world. During any pandemic, nurses are on the front lines of the battle against disease. The flu’s effect was still prevalent in 1919, leading to the death of a celebrated hockey player and cancellation of the Stanley Cup finals. Game attendance more than doubled — from 2,830,613 in 1918 to 6,532,439 in 1919. That was 1919, during what would later be coined the "Red Summer," when communities across America were reeling from white mobs inciting brutality against Black people and cities were still wrestling with a third wave of the so-called Spanish flu pandemic that emerged the previous year. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak that was officially recognized as a global pandemic last week, the 2020 MLB season has been delayed indefinitely. By 1919, the war and the pandemic were over, and a tidal wave of baseball fans swelled into stadiums. In addition to masks, many believed that gargling with warm salt water and mouthwash would stave off infection. Today’s visualization outlines some of history’s most deadly pandemics, from the Antonine Plague to the current COVID-19 event. Senate passes $1.9 trillion COVID resolution after "vote-a-rama", Watch Live: Harris holds roundtable after Biden touts COVID plan, Capitol riot's suspected "bullhorn lady" taken into custody, Christopher Plummer, "Sound of Music" star, dies at 91, Virginia legislature votes to end death penalty, Marjorie Taylor Greene removed from House committee assignments, Pro-Navalny rallies paused as Russian jails overflow with supporters, Chiefs urged to drop name, tomahawk chop before Super Bowl, LeBron: Having All-Star Game during pandemic a "slap in the face", Watch Live: Biden and Harris make case for American Rescue Plan, Biden signs order to ramp up refugee admissions, Democrats unveil plan to erase $50,000 of student loan debt, Biden vows to rebuild alliances, says "America is back", Cardona testifies on COVID and reopening schools at confirmation hearing, California Privacy/Information We Collect. 1955: The World Series MVP Award was given for the first time, with Brooklyn's Johnny Podres taking the honor. Governors of at least 40 states and many more local governments ordered people to stay at home unless it's absolutely necessary to leave. This outdoor Army hospital was constructed to house sick soldiers. John “Beans” Reardon, left, wearing a flu mask underneath his umpire’s mask, prepares to call a pitch in a California Winter League game on January 26, 1919, in Pasadena, California. Influenza pandemic of 1918–19, also called Spanish influenza pandemic or Spanish flu, the most severe influenza outbreak of the 20th century and, in terms of total numbers of deaths, among the most devastating pandemics in human history. One of the most highly anticipated games in Major League Baseball history is back on the schedule. Game attendance more than doubled — from 2,830,613 in 1918 to 6,532,439 in 1919. Chick Gandil then “punched out a Texas Leaguer” to score Crandall with the go-ahead run. Each soldier was outfitted with a mask provided by the Red Cross. Meanwhile, 20 miles away at Walter Reed Hospital, influenza patients were put in beds on the porch, separated by hanging sheets. Buses were sprayed with anti-flu disinfectants. During a global influenza pandemic, all players and fans were required by city ordinance to wear facial coverings at all times while outdoors. The season began on April 19, 1919, when the Brooklyn Robins defeated the Boston Braves 5–2 at Braves Field in the first game of a doubleheader But for one Sunday afternoon, baseball could not provide any escape from the real world and a public-health crisis that hit far too close to home. Thanks also to Eileen King and Christine Rice at the Los Angeles Public Library and Yuriy Shcherbina and Suzanne Noruschat at the University of Southern California for their assistance in tracking down sources. Harsh lessons were learned more than 100 years ago, although few paid heed at the time. Of course, all plans for the event are contingent upon the status of public health in … Published March 12, 2020 Updated March 12, 2020 . In October of 1918, months into the influenza outbreak, this crowd of war munitions workers in Washington D.C. gathered to drink hot chocolate near the Washington Monument. 1 of 6. In San Francisco, court was held in a park in an attempt to curb the spread of the deadly flu. Though thousands of Bostonians followed the mayor's lead, subsequent studies found no real evidence the vaccine had been effective. March 13 – Jim Toy, 60, played two seasons, 1887 & 1890, sometimes … These female ambulance drivers help influenza patients injured in an explosion in New Jersey. As a historian of epidemics and infectious disease, I have been asked frequently over the past months: "What are the lessons of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic?" “Now it’s not going to be as severe in 1919 as it was in late 1918, but there’s real caution today that sports organizations, the owners of … 4 James Rainey and Rong-Gong Lin II, “California Lessons from the 1918 Pandemic: San Francisco Dithered; Los Angeles Acted and Saved Lives,” Los Angeles Times, April 19, 2020, latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-19/coronavirus-lessons-from-great-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic, accessed May 10, 2020. 21 “Pasadena Repeals Mask Ordinance,” Santa Barbara Daily News, January 31, 1919. By 1919, the war and the pandemic were over, and a tidal wave of baseball fans swelled into stadiums. The Spanish flu name stuck. Deaths are estimated to have topped 50 million worldwide. When soldiers returned from the battlefields, they brought that disease with them. Many of the headlines on the front page of the Seattle Daily Times from October 5, 1918, look a lot like the headlines from spring 2020. In 1910 Rube Foster and the Chicago Leland Giants began traveling west to test their skills against white stars from the major and minor leagues. The most detailed recaps of this game were found in: “Pasadena Ball Game Masked,” Los Angeles Evening Herald, January 27, 1919; and. 17 “Pasadena Ball Game Masked,” Los Angeles Evening Herald, January 27, 1919. Several interesting articles in this one, especially one that hits close to home with the pandemic, the final article I’ve included covers what has changed in the 2 years since the Spanish Flu. 16 “Players, Umps, and Fans Wear Masks During Flu Scare,” Washington Herald, February 10, 1919: 8. The “Spanish flu,” as it was sometimes called at the time, lasted just 15 months but killed, according to best estimates today, between 50 million and 100 million worldwide. Still, throughout organized baseball, at least seven players, including Negro League star Ted Kimbro, eventually died from the flu. ... 44, owner of the Detroit Tigers from 1903 through 1919, victim of the 1918 flu pandemic. Meanwhile, other nurses were tasked with making the masks. The Pasadena-Standard Oil winter-league game scheduled for January 19 was postponed after “players on both teams rebelled … when they learned they were supposed to wear flu masks while engaged in the national pastime,” the Los Angeles Evening Express reported.11 But soon an idea emerged to Merchants manager Loren Ury: Why not try playing a game while still following the law? A few weeks later, the photographs taken at the game began circulating, imprinting this unusual confluence of baseball and a pandemic in the nation’s consciousness forever. The influenza pandemic infected an estimated 500 million around the world. In the winter of 1916-17, with World War I still raging in Europe, reports of a new disease — one with a rapid onset and high spreadability — circled through the camp. 5 Stephen V. Rice, “Carl Sawyer,” SABR BioProject, sabr.org/bioproj/person/bf817fe2, accessed May 10, 2020. These men at Camp Dix in New Jersey gargle with saltwater after a day's work at the camp. In 1918, San Francisco's Civic Center complex served as an emergency Navy flu hospital. Football fan Brian Pope browses for Tom … 7 Bill Francis, “1918 Flu Pandemic Did Not Spare Baseball,” National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, baseballhall.org/discover/1918-flu-pandemic-didnt-spare-baseball, accessed May 10, 2020. The death toll ended up being much higher there than in cities with stricter lockdowns. Credit: State Library and Archives of Florida. In 1919, the influenza pandemic reached Sugar Point and Bear Island. Check out the 1918 MLB Season History, featuring league standings, postseason results, no-hitters, and baseball's leaders in Home Runs, ERA, and more. Just over 100 years ago, the world was in the midst of a pandemic. Newspapers around the country asked fans to guess the identity of each masked player and revealed the answer the next day.22. By 1919, the war and the pandemic were over, and a tidal wave of baseball fans swelled into stadiums. At right, Carl Sawyer poses with Doc Crandall’s dog, both sporting face coverings on January 26, 1919, in Pasadena, California. MLB announced tentative plans for the inaugural MLB at Field of Dreams presented by GEICO in 2021 after the event’s original debut was pushed back a year by the coronavirus pandemic. “Masks, Fundraisers and Smallpox-Only Teams: How Baseball Has Dealt With Infectious Diseases Before,” Sports Illustrated, March 9, 2020, si.com/mlb/2020/03/09/coronavirus-baseball-history. The 1918 flu pandemic had lessons to teach us about future pandemics and preparedness efforts. Baseball in 1918 was affected more by World War I than by the growing influenza pandemic. The photographs are some of the most enduring images of a global influenza pandemic that infected an estimated 500 million people, nearly one-third of the world’s population, and the cause of nearly 50 million deaths over a 24-month span.1 They are a sign of the human desire to carry on in the face of horrific tragedy and of baseball’s place in American culture. scenario predictions for a current pandemic are based on the global influenza pandemic of 1918, which killed 675,000 people in the United States (nearly 0.8 percent of the 1910 population) and 40 million people worldwide from the early spring of 1918 through the late spring of 1919.4 In all of recorded history, Pasadena outfielder Carl Sawyer’s wife, Nell, died of the virus after giving birth to their daughter in October; the child passed away the next day.5 Pitchers Frank Shellenback and Walt Slagle and outfielder George Cutshaw all reportedly contracted the flu in December and were forced to miss a few games while they recovered at home.6 Two more Pasadena-Standard Oil games had to be postponed that month because of health concerns. Even Doc Crandall’s dog was sporting a gauze mask covering its face. Unfortunately, the flu pandemic that began in the spring of 1918 returned with a vengeance in the fall. The 39th Regiment marched through Seattle on its way to a deployment in France during the pandemic. 3 William F. McNeil, The California Winter League: America’s First Integrated Professional Baseball League (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co., 2002), 13-15. This typist wore a mask while working at her office desk in 1918. It is estimated that about 500 million people or one-third of the world’s population became infected with this virus. Copyright © 2021 CBS Interactive Inc.All rights reserved. Even MLB players, umpires and managers wore them during games. Overall, the war and the pandemic slashed MLB game attendance by over half from what it was in the previous season. This unusual influenza was deadly to younger people, while elders were left untouched. These volunteer nurses gather for a photo on the porch of the hospital in Eureka, California. Shieber identified the photographer as Frank S. Wilton, a well-known newspaper and film studio cameraman from Huntington Park, California. Red Cross workers inspected equipment at an emergency hospital at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. Fans at some sporting events were required to wear flu masks, including at a University of Missouri men’s basketball game and a boxing match in San Francisco.9. Overall, the war and the pandemic slashed MLB game attendance by over half from what it was in the previous season. This hospital in Indiana had its own orchestra. NHL suspends operations due to coronavirus pandemic; MLB delays start of season by at least two weeks . The 1918, 1919, 1972, 1981, 1985, 1994-95 seasons were shortened. U.S. involvement in World War I -- and on a lesser level the flu pandemic of 1918 -- compromised the 1918 and 1919 MLB seasons, but baseball on Memorial Day persisted. 27th February 1919. After the season, many players traveled west to California to enjoy the balmy climate and continue playing all winter against top major-league, minor-league, and Negro League stars.3. To the public, it still seemed unimaginable that the next game would be postponed or the series canceled. 6 “Shellenbach, Slagle Ill with Influenza,” Los Angeles Herald, December 17, 1918; “Pasadena, Standards to Meet in 3d of Series,” Los Angeles Herald, January 18, 1919. Thanks to Tom Shieber at the National Baseball Hall of Fame Library for his help in finding additional photos and confirming the players who were involved in this game. influenza pandemic of … Pasadena’s John Sullivan and Doc Crandall, Standard Oil’s starting pitcher, each connected for two home runs. This telephone operator wears a gauze mask while working. Standard-Murphy Oil Co. 10 Even MLB players, umpires and managers wore them during games. Ury invited photographers and “moving picture” cameramen to attend the baseball game, set for the next Sunday, January 26, at Carmelita Park, located just north of the Rose Bowl parade route near Colorado and Orange Grove Boulevards.13 No attendance total was recorded, but photos show a sprinkling of fans in small wooden bleachers set up down the third-base and presumably first-base lines. The U.S. Navy set up this emergency camp outside of Mare Island Naval Hospital in Northern California. 1921: The Yankees won the first of an MLB-record 27 World Series titles. A Timeline of Historical Pandemics. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. Of course, all plans for the event are contingent upon the status of public health in … These officers were in charge of the War Influenza Camp in Lawrence, Massachusetts. In 1919, by the time the Spanish flu had largely run its course in Manitoba, the virus had killed more than 1,200 people in the provincial capital. 13 The ballpark was located near the current site of the Norton Simon Art Museum next to Carmelita Gardens. Influenza pandemic of 1918–19, the most severe influenza outbreak of the 20th century and among the most devastating pandemics in human history. If you can help us improve this game story, contact us. Marty Klinkenberg. It infected an estimated 500 million people around the world, about a third of the planet’s total population. J. Alex Navarro and Howard Markel, University of Michigan Center for the History of Medicine, https://influenzaarchive.org/cities/city-losangeles.html, accessed May 7, 2020. Game attendance more than doubled — from 2,830,613 in 1918 to 6,532,439 in 1919. For the next three decades, until World War II forced the league to shut down in the 1940s, Negro League players such as Satchel Paige, Oscar Charleston, Biz Mackey, and Turkey Stearnes played for all-black teams like the Los Angeles White Sox nearly every winter. “By playing the game with the men wearing masks, the managers of the clubs would have drawn a big crowd,” wrote Matt Gallagher of the Los Angeles Evening Herald.12 No one seemed to ask Dr. Luther Powers, the city’s health commissioner, what he thought of that bright idea. TORONTO. Spain remained neutral, though, and their press reported freely. August 30 ... Cleveland Indians and Boston Braves from 1913 to 1917, who died in an army camp from the Spanish flu pandemic while serving in World War I. December December 4 – Walt Dickson, 40, who pitched from 1910 through 1915 for the Boston Braves, Pittsburgh Rebels and New York … 9 “ Flu’ Masks in Vogue While Tigers Defeat Ames’ Basket Team,” St. Louis Star, January 11, 1919; “Influenza Masks Didn’t Bother Fight Fans,” Oakland Tribune, January 26, 1919. As major sports leagues gear up to resume play, months after shutting down due to the COVID-19 pandemic, teams are seeing a major shakeup of their line-up and locations. But over the following weeks, the infection rate began to subside, and Los Angeles lifted its ban on public gatherings in early December. 22 The Charlotte News and Fort Worth Record were among many newspapers to print the “masked” photo illustrations in March 1919. 11 “Pasadena Ball Game Postponed One Week,” Los Angeles Evening Express, January 19, 1919. Game attendance more than doubled — from 2,830,613 in 1918 to 6,532,439 in 1919. A police officer burned his mask in the middle of the street, causing other citizens to join in and start a small bonfire on Colorado Boulevard.21 The winter-league baseball schedule resumed the following weekend — without masks — until the players had to report for spring training in March. As humans have spread across the world, so have infectious diseases. Game attendance more than doubled — from 2,830,613 in 1918 to 6,532,439 in 1919. Navarro, J. Alex, and Howard Markel, eds., Influenza Encyclopedia, University of Michigan Center for the History of Medicine, influenzaarchive.org. Credit: Time Life Pictures/Mansell/LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images. In 1919, these Red Cross nurses in Boston prepared bundles of masks to be distributed to soldiers. By mid-January, public-health officials were calling for another shutdown to help combat the virus. Do they provide insight into how MLB will deal with a year cut short due to COVID-19? Even the canine mascot has its snout covered. A global pandemic has begun to ease off, leaving many thousands dead and the economy in tatters — and civil unrest with racist underpinnings breaks out across the country. These New York City clerks sat in cramped quarters with their masks on. By then, the pandemic was largely over and baseball had a new crisis to deal with, a scourge of corruption that threatened the game’s integrity more than its immune system: the Black Sox Scandal. The World Series between the Boston Red Sox and Chicago Cubs was played in early September. Pasadena’s roster included Emil “Irish” Meusel of the Philadelphia Phillies, Fred McMullin and Frank Shellenback of the Chicago White Sox, George Cutshaw of the Pittsburgh Pirates, and Pete Schneider and Red Killefer of the Cincinnati Reds. A patient wears a flu nozzle. This nurse is seen sterilizing a hospital room at the War Influenza Camp in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Colonel T.L. Just like today, mail delivery was an essential function during the 1918 flu. Seattle was the venue for the 1919 Stanley Cup. March 6 – Fred Demarais, 52, Canadian pitcher for the 1890 Chicago Colts of the National League. 1918. 14“Beans Reardon,” Retrosheet.org, retrosheet.org/boxesetc/R/Prearb901.htm, accessed May 21, 2020. Gatherings of more than 20 people were banned. 12 Matt Gallagher, “Baseball Gossip,” Los Angeles Evening Herald, January 20, 1919. These accounts were invaluable in piecing together the story of this game, along with: Baccellieri, Emma. Dan Halem, MLB's deputy commissioner for baseball administration and the chief legal officer, told ESPN that the league's plan is a "first draft" and that MLB … Here, President Woodrow Wilson (left) waves from a parade car after returning to the United States from France in 1918 at the end of World War I. “Standard Takes Series from Pasadena,” Whittier News, January 28, 1919 (reprinted from the Pasadena Star-News). Population became infected with this virus who was associated with MLB two singles to the. 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