A 'reasonable chastisement' defence will still be available to parents but they could be charged with common assault if a smack causes bruises, grazes, scratches, minor swellings or cuts. "[154], Corporal punishment was first explicitly prohibited in schools in article 67 of the Law on Public Schools 1929, passed in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, of which Serbia was then a part. There was no explicit legal ban on it,[101] but in 2008 a teacher was fined 500 for what some people describe as slapping a student. Some LEAs confined themselves to prohibiting teachers from striking pupils' heads or boxing their ears. [75], Corporal punishment in all settings, including schools, was prohibited in Bolivia in 2014. Locke's work was highly influential, and may have helped influence Polish legislators to ban corporal punishment from Poland's schools in 1783. The school should have a register where date, reason, name of pupil and of administering teacher, together with the number of strikes, is to be recorded. In that year a sentence by the Federal Court of Justice of Germany (Bundesgerichtshof, case number NStZ 1993.591) was published which overruled the previous powers enshrined in unofficial customary law (Gewohnheitsrecht) and upheld by some regional appeal courts (Oberlandesgericht, Superior State Court) even in the 1970s. Guidance from the government about the legal position in England concerning corporal punishment (not permitted) and other physical contact or reasonable force (still allowed). Its physical punishment, spanking , strapping, gym plimsoll, hand or cane on pupils bottoms, sometimes bare He was often caned at Stouts Hill prep school around 1970, but harbours no grudges. Contrary to popular myth, the court found that corporal punishment, of the kind then routinely administered in Scottish schools, was not of itself a breach of the Human Rights Convention. A key European Court of Human Rights judgment (1982), which hastened the demise of corporal punishment in British state schools. At least one (Bradford) laid down that the punishment must follow as soon as possible after the offence. Private schools, about which even fewer generalisations are possible, will have to await separate treatment elsewhere. In most of continental Europe, school corporal punishment has been banned for several decades or longer, depending on the country (see the list of countries below). [117], Although banned in 1947, corporal punishment is still commonly found in schools in the 2010s and particularly widespread in school sports clubs. Corporal punishment in Greek primary schools was banned in 1998, and in secondary schools in 2005. Stretching Forward to Learn [197], The implement used in many state and private schools in England and Wales was often a rattan cane, struck either across the student's hands, legs, or the clothed buttocks. Such documentary evidence as is available tends to show that third-, fourth- and fifth-formers (ages 13 to 16 inclusive) were by far the most frequent beneficiaries. Legality of corporal punishment of minors in Europe. The Ministry of Education has stipulated a maximum of three strokes per occasion. argue that it provides an immediate response to indiscipline so that the student is quickly back in the classroom learning, unlike suspension from school. In schools it may involve striking the student on the buttocks or on the palms of their hands[1][2] with an implement such as a rattan cane, wooden paddle, slipper, leather strap or wooden yardstick. [176], The proverb "If you love your cow, tie it up; if you love your child, beat him" is still considered "wisdom" and is held by many Thai parents and teachers. Although there was usually less ceremony about it than the cane, the slipper, if wielded sufficiently enthusiastically, could deliver a salutary lesson. All that was the situation as at 1979. [84][80][85], In 2004 (Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v. Canada), the Supreme Court of Canada outlawed corporal punishment in all schools, public or private. The 100+ local education authorities (LEAs) in England and Wales -- created in 1902 to replace the old local school boards -- formulated their own rules, or in some cases decided not to have any rules. (3) A point of view dating back at least to 1903. In 1977, the Supreme Court ruling in Ingraham v. Wright held that the Eighth Amendment clause prohibiting "cruel and unusual punishments" did not apply to school students, and that teachers could punish children without parental permission. [21] In mainland China, corporal punishment in schools was outlawed in 1986,[22] although the practice remains common, especially in rural areas. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [76], Corporal punishment in all settings, including schools, was prohibited in Brazil in 2014. [123][124][125] There have been reports of students being caned in front of the class/school for lateness, poor grades, being unable to answer questions correctly or forgetting to bring a textbook. The other boy was ordered to be strapped but refused, whereupon he was suspended from school. Note that the Commission emphasises that such a school caning in a headmaster's study is an entirely different matter from judicial birching of the kind considered in the Isle of Man case, reaffirming once again that corporal punishment is not per se necessarily contrary to the Human Rights Convention. [121][122], Caning, usually applied to the palm or clothed bottom, is a common form of discipline in Malaysian schools. WebIn the mid-20th century, discipline and punishment in English schools was relatively benign. Joe The King: 1999 Joe is spanked on his bare bum over his teachers lap in front of his class. The article is illustrated with pictures of a gym shoe said to have been used for the purpose at a different school in the 1970s. Application No. Around 60% of children aged 214 years regularly suffer physical punishment by their parents or other caregivers. WebBeyond this, even in countries where corporal punishment is not part of the justice system, such as China, it is still largely used within family homes and many schools. Corporal punishment used to be prevalent in schools in many parts of the world, but in recent decades it has been outlawed in 128 countries including all of Europe, most of South America, as well as in Canada, Japan, South Africa, New Zealand and several other countries. Also, some schools, even new-built comprehensive ones, introduced a system of "students' courts" at which a recommendation for CP might be one of the "sentencing" options available, but this was subject to confirmation by the teachers in charge, and it would be a member of staff who delivered the actual punishment. Clearly, all the school authorities actually did wrong was to fail to spell out, in their information to prospective parents, that corporal punishment was a possible consequence of misbehaviour -- though I think they might have been forgiven for assuming that anybody who knew anything about anything would have been perfectly well aware that that was an entirely normal practice at boys' independent prep schools at the time. [224], Corporal punishment in all settings, including schools, was prohibited in Venezuela in 2007. Again, practice varied widely. [6] It lets school officials stand in for parents as comparable authority figures. [162] This is administered in a formal ceremony by the school management after due deliberation, not by classroom teachers. [19] In addition, the Article 336 (since 2006) of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states that "the use, including a single occurrence, of educational methods involving physical and/or psychological violence against a student or pupil" shall constitute grounds for dismissal of any teaching professional. The case concerned two Scottish boys whose parents refused to allow them to be given the belt at school. As enacted, the law had a loophole: parents, provided they were not school staff, could still discipline their children on school grounds. It felt unfair, but was it harmful? [23][89], Colombian private and public schools were banned from using "penalties involving physical or psychological abuse" through the Children and Adolescents Code 2006, though it is not clear whether this also applies to indigenous communities. It is a myth that abolition was overwhelmingly demanded by school pupils themselves. "Public" ceremonies of formal caning in front of the whole school were rare in modern times, though not completely unknown. [189] Standard instructions for teachers provided by the Ministry of Science and Education state that a teacher who has used corporal punishment to a pupil (even once), shall be dismissed. According to section 10 of the act: (1) No person may administer corporal punishment at a school to a learner. It should also be noted that the Article 2 claim stood up only because there were no alternative non-belting state schools within reach, and the parents in question could not afford private schools. WebCorporal or physical punishment is highly prevalent globally, both in homes and schools. Encyclopaedia entry from 1911 summarising the state of the law at the time: teachers had the common-law right to chastise their pupils, not only for offences at school but also, under a court ruling of 1893, for those committed on the way to or from school, or during school hours. [12] According to the United States Department of Education, more than 216,000 students were subjected to corporal punishment during the 200809 school year. Rosenczveig, Jean-Pierre (1 February 2008). The National Policy for Children 2013 states that in education, the state shall "ensure no child is subjected to any physical punishment or mental harassment" and "promote positive engagement to impart discipline so as to provide children with a good learning experience". Corporal punishment in British state schools, and also in private schools receiving any element of public funding, was banned by parliament in 1987. [124] In November 2007, in response to a perceived increase in indiscipline among female students, the National Seminar on Education Regulations (Student Discipline) passed a resolution recommending allowing the caning of girls at school. [177] Corporal punishment (especially caning) on students of both genders remains common[178][179][180][181] and accepted in practice. [118] As recently as December 2012, a high school student died by suicide after having been constantly beaten by his basketball coach. What did CP in British schools involve? [112] Teachers were not liable to criminal prosecution until 1997, when the rule of law allowing "physical chastisement" was explicitly abolished. More informally, the "slipper" -- something of a euphemism: in fact it was normally a big, heavy gym shoe or plimsoll -- was widely used for instant, unofficial discipline over the clothed seat of both sexes (though, again, many more boys than girls), typically in the presence of classmates. [citation needed], Much of the traditional culture that surrounds corporal punishment in school, at any rate in the English-speaking world, derives largely from British practice in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly as regards the caning of teenage boys. WebNew laws which came into force at midnight allow mild smacking but criminalise any physical punishment which causes visible bruising. Stephen Fry on Corporal Punishment R v Secretary of State for Education and Employment and Others ex parte Williamson and Others Of course, we must always remember that the CP cases that got into the courts and/or into the newspapers were, more or less by definition, highly untypical. (5) But the traditional grammar schools, like most of the independent schools, would generally have used the birch until the mid- to late 19th century. School corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of physical pain as a response to undesired behavior by students. [133], In New Zealand's schools, corporal punishment was used commonly on both girls and boys. (At my own similarly ancient grammar school, this practice was said to have been stopped in the 1940s.) The boy's mother removed him from the school shortly afterwards, but persisted with this legal action, which must have cost the taxpayer many thousands of pounds. Most had anticipated the legislation and abandoned CP voluntarily several years earlier. Education Act 1996, section 548 Webmortarboard and cane corporal punishment - corporal punishment in schools stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images Vintage illustration featuring a schoolboy being caned during a Greek lesson in "The Boy's Own Paper", published in London, circa 1896. The most common reported injuries were bumps and contusions. In some Middle Eastern countries whipping is used. A REPORT AFTER THE INNER LONDON EDUCATION AUTHORITY'S BAN OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN ITS SECONDARY SCHOOLS. I have heard of at least one Birmingham secondary modern school in the 1960s where this caning allegedly took place "there and then", in front of the members of the "court", but I suspect this, if true, was quite unusual. Several more Labour-controlled LEAs followed suit in the early 1980s. Some schools did cane in classrooms or halls or corridors, witnessed by whoever happened to be present. [90][bettersourceneeded], All corporal punishment, both in school and in the home, has been banned since 2008. If the modern system of "school choice" had been in operation then -- or even if the local education authority had made an effort quietly to find ways of satisfying the requirements of a tiny number of (in my personal view) cranky parents, instead of being so arrogant and rigid about the whole thing -- the case would never have got off the ground and things might have gone differently over the last 40 years. In 2011 another survey found that half of parents and 19% of students also wanted to bring back the cane. also constituted "philosophical convictions" and that they were therefore being denied an education in accordance therewith, since no schools are now allowed to use any corporal punishment. 1992 judgment by the Human Rights Court about a seven-year-old who was slippered at a boarding prep school. And in this Aug 1959 case, a six-whack slippering for a 12-year-old was deemed reasonable by magistrates. [225], Corporal punishment is technically unlawful in schools under article 75 of the Education Law 2005,[226] but there is no clear statement that corporal punishment is prohibited. In fact it had no such effect, and the Head Teachers' union advised its members to continue to be "cautious" about using CP on girls. According to an amendment to the Code on Children and Adolescents 1990, "Children and Adolescents are entitled to be educated and cared for without the use of physical punishment or cruel or degrading treatment as forms of correction, discipline, education or any other pretext". A few Christian private schools held out, and fought the ban through the courts, ultimately without success (see links below). (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) is guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a sentence which could be imposed for assault.[165]. The UK government argued, unsuccessfully, that opinions about corporal punishment did not amount to "philosophical convictions". [223] American legal scholars have argued that school paddling is unconstitutional and can cause lasting physical, emotional, and cognitive harm. Covers the UK only, with a major emphasis on school CP but also some interesting material about judicial and military juvenile punishments of the past. See likewise Children sent to Caribbean for 'basic' schooling, a news report from July 1996, and UK Ugandans rush kids to Kampala schools, from May 1998. Its physical punishment, spanking , strapping, gym plimsoll, hand or cane on pupils bottoms, sometimes bare bottom. [7], School teachers and policymakers often rely on personal anecdotes to argue that school corporal punishment improves students' behavior and achievements. Clearly, it is widely felt that the anarchy and chaos now evidently prevailing in so many state schools -- and the poor educational standards that result -- are due at least in part to the enforced absence of corporal punishment. [148] On the provincial level, corporal punishment was partially banned in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by two laws in 2010 and 2012, and banned by Sindh in schools in 2013. [145] This loophole was closed in May 2007 by the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007, which enacted a blanket ban on parents administering corporal punishment to their children. Article 17 states: "(1) No child shall be subjected to physical punishment or mental harassment. In Ukraine, "physical or mental violence" against children is forbidden by the Constitution (Art.52.2) and the Law on Education (Art.51.1, since 1991) which states that students and other learners have the right "to the protection from any form of exploitation, physical and psychological violence, actions of pedagogical and other employees who violate the rights or humiliate their honour and dignity". However, the majority of punishments and main aim of them have remained the same in 2022. [106] Since 1993, use of corporal punishment by a teacher has been a criminal offence. In Loco Parentis, Corporal Punishment and the Moral Economy of Discipline in English Schools, 1945-1986 [193][194] In other private schools, it was banned in 1998 (England and Wales), 2000 (Scotland) and 2003 (Northern Ireland). This optional facility was known in some schools as "getting your detentions caned off". One also hears of rulers having been rapped across knuckles, but I am not sure if this was common. See news report of 14 November 1992, Public schoolboy awarded 8,000 for caning ordeal, which includes a picture of Matthew, by then aged 25. However, there are no prohibitions of it at home. In the remaining private schools it was banned in 1999 in England and Wales, 2000 in Scotland, and 2003 in Northern Ireland. There was the odd exception like Northwich Girls' Grammar School; but even there, the formidable Miss Janet Dines claimed she had hardly used the cane in ten years before the event that got her into all the newspapers in 1976. [126], The Education Act of 2008 prohibits all corporal punishment in schools. In this instance the local newspaper evidently thought it remarkable; but journalists have often been poorly informed on these matters, and the anecdotal evidence strongly suggests that there were more, probably a lot more, slipperings than canings in English schools, at least in the 1960s and 1970s. House of Commons: Corporal punishment lawful with parental consent (New URL) Caning in Private Schools, 1960s [130][131], All corporal punishment, both in school and in the home, has been banned since 2018. [citation needed] In late 1987, about 60% of junior high school teachers felt it was necessary, with 7% believing it was necessary in all conditions, 59% believing it should be applied sometimes and 32% disapproving of it in all circumstances; while at elementary (primary) schools, 2% supported it unconditionally, 47% felt it was necessary and 49% disapproved. Various emails have told me that boys were occasionally caned, but punishment 144329 / Circular 9/82 / Re: The Abolition of Corporal Punishment in National Schools", "Circular M5/82 / Abolition of Corporal Punishment in Schools in respect of Financial Aid from the Department of Education", "Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Act, 1997, Section 24", "Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person Bill, 1997: Second Stage", Corporal punishment of children in Israel, "Children's Rights in Israel: An End to Corporal Punishment? School: 1999 In this long-running series, the use of corporal punishment in South Korean schools is shown. Two others, Kingston and Richmond, much more sensibly, came close to saying the opposite -- that caning of the hands was strongly discouraged as potentially injurious. In 2008 a new round of controversy over the issue was set off when a survey found that one teacher in five, and almost a quarter of all secondary-school teachers, would still like to see corporal punishment reinstated. Most of the boys were from local working class families, but the school had a good reputation and they studied hard. Only two LEAs laid down a maximum number of strokes (East Sussex, 3 strokes; Durham, 6 strokes). There had been disputes about CP since the early days of universal state education. [22] In practice, beatings by schoolteachers are quite common, especially in rural areas. According to one report, corporal punishment is a key reason for school dropouts and subsequently, street children, in Pakistan; as many as 35,000 high school pupils are said to drop out of the education system each year because they have been punished or abused in school. They are, in chronological order by year of provincial ban:[citation needed], Corporal punishment in China was officially banned after the Communist Revolution in 1949. However, there was one element of "voluntary CP" at some state boys' schools, like Maidenhead Grammar School (as also at some independent schools, such as Emanuel School in London), where it was understood that a student who had accumulated other punishments, such as detentions or impositions, could present himself at the headmaster's office and apply to be "swished" instead. Probably the most significant exception is that gym/PE teachers, at any rate in some boys' secondary schools, would occasionally mete out slipperings in the changing room, where recipients might happen to be in a state of undress at the crucial moment. [8], Advocates of school corporal punishment[who?] "The punishments in French schools are impositions and confinements."--. An equivalent law for Scotland came into force in 2000. ", "Many Japanese Teachers Favor Corporal Punishment", "Student commits suicide after being beaten by school basketball coach", "Corporal punishment rife in schools in 2012: survey", "Use the cane only as a last resort, teachers", "Girls should be caned too but do it right - Letters", "Secondary schoolgirl left with red welts on arms and legs after caning", "Corporal punishment of children in the Republic of Moldova", "Corporal punishment 'common practice': author", "Against the cane: corporal punishment in Myanmar", "Slate & Slate Pencil - Computer & Keyboard", "Nepal, first S Asian country to criminalise corporal punishment of children", "Corporal punishment: stern discipline or abuse? (4) Guide to LEAs' Corporal Punishment Regulations in England and Wales, Society of Teachers Opposed to Physical Punishment, Croydon, 1979. Probably the most frequently used aid to punishment was a chair. Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health", "Corporal punishment in schools. Attempts to push through local bans in Cardiff (1968) and Liverpool had both collapsed in the face of hostility from head teachers. This academic paper (2018) is very interesting despite some woolly jargon. 18 required the act to be done in private; 10 mandated a witness to be present. a letter home. As far as I know, this is what the 1986 legislation already said, so perhaps this was just a consolidating act. With the troubles with some pupils at some schools that you hear about on the News, the Reading between the lines, I wonder whether the whole thing was pursued by the mother rather against the boy's wish, and since by the time the case reached Strasbourg he had become an adult, he was able to decide for himself to back out. Opponents, including many medical and psychological societies, along with human-rights groups, argue that physical punishment is ineffective in the long term, interferes with learning, leads to antisocial behavior as well as causing low self-esteem and other forms of mental distress, and is a form of violence that breaches the rights of children. The only rule laid down by central government was that all formal CP was supposed to be recorded in a punishment book.(1). (6) NUT's main rival, the more male-dominated NASUWT,(7) campaigned aggressively in favour of keeping the cane. American Academy of Pediatrics. Text of England and Wales law banning corporal punishment in all schools He had previously been caned at his prep school, without complaint. (She doesn't, as far as I can see, comment on the possibility that the child himself might take a different view, perhaps preferring being spanked to some other punishment.). "[114], Corporal punishment in Italian schools was banned in 1928. [40] The Committee interprets Article 19 of the Convention on the rights of the child, which obliges member states to "take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child", to imply a prohibition on all forms of corporal punishment. [20] In the 1960s, Soviet visitors to western schools expressed shock at the canings there. [2] However, some schools in Alberta had been using the strap up until the ban in 2004. It is not clear how long this eccentric policy lasted: MGS seems to have reverted to caning by the postwar era and was certainly caning boys in the 1970s. [168][169][170] Anecdotal evidence suggests that the caning of girls is not particularly unusual, and that they might be as likely to be caned as boys. [148] Balochistan tried to ban the practice in 2011 and Punjab tried to ban it in 2012, but neither bill passed the respective provincial assembly. [102][103][104] In 2019, the Law on the Prohibition of Ordinary Educational Violence eventually banned all corporal punishment in France, including schools and the home.[105]. removal from a class or group. Opinions seem to have differed quite widely; at all events, the national authorities remained unpersuaded that CP for girls should be banned altogether, though one or two LEAs did so, and many others strongly discouraged it. (1) Department of Education, Administrative Memorandum 531, 1956 (but this was only a codification of a requirement laid down much earlier). [182][183] Anecdotal evidence suggests that the caning of girls is not particularly unusual, and that they are just as likely to be caned as boys. There is some movement of changing negative disciplining methods to positive ones (non-corporal), such as teaching students how to improve when they perform badly via verbal positive reinforcement.[188]. (See list of countries, below.). The request, if granted, would be fulfilled forthwith, and the slate thereby wiped clean. [209] In a few English cities, a strap was used instead of the cane. Approximately 69 countries still allow for corporal punishment in schools, including parts of the United States and many countries in Africa and Asia. Although it is legally permitted for boys only, in practice the illegal caning of girls is not unknown. However, in the end it was on a legal technicality (time limits expired) that the case was thrown out. This kind of arrangement seems to have been typical of many secondary schools. Other crimes often punished corporally included bullying, cheating, insolence, missing detention, and truancy. The ILEA had already put a stop to CP in primary schools with effect from 1973. An extract from the ubiquitous polymath's memoir Moab Is My Washpot (1997). This right includes a non-violent education and upbringing Consequently, all forms of physical and humiliating punishment are prohibited". Rugby at a traditional boys' school in the 1960s. Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, Report of corporal punishment of children in Luxembourg 2013, Legilux, Lgislation sur les mesures de discipline dans les coles 2015, Department of Education, Administrative Memorandum 531, 1956. It cannot be emphasised too strongly that these are all broad generalisations, to which exceptions could always be found. Corporal punishment was banned in Soviet (and hence, Ukrainian) schools in 1917. Manchester Grammar School was exceptional in going back from caning to birching in 1904 and in 1907 staunchly defending the practice as greatly preferable to caning. [19] Communists in other countries such as Britain took the lead in campaigning against school corporal punishment, which they viewed as a symptom of the decadence of capitalist education systems. Costello-Roberts v United Kingdom [9], Poland was the first nation to outlaw corporal punishment in schools in 1783. In some countries, almost all students report being physically In the relatively few places in England where the leather strap (tawse) rather than the cane was the instrument of choice, it too might be administered to the buttocks, at any rate for boys (as in Walsall and Gateshead), but in other places (e.g. [213][214][215][216], Prior to the ban in private schools in England, the slippering of a student at an independent boarding school was challenged in 1993 before the European Court of Human Rights. The remainder were spread between those where canings took place every day and those where CP was almost unheard of, with every possible variation in between. 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After the INNER LONDON Education authority 's ban of corporal punishment, spanking, strapping, gym plimsoll, or... Back at least to 1903 into force in 2000 and in secondary schools judgment the... Have to await separate treatment elsewhere a consolidating act studied hard detention, truancy! From local working class families, but the school had a good reputation they... Ban in 2004 and hence, Ukrainian ) schools in 1917 case was thrown out a Christian. Also hears of rulers having been rapped across knuckles, but the school had a good reputation they! Happened to be present `` Public '' ceremonies of formal caning in of. Exceptions could always be found the mid-20th century, discipline and punishment in English was! Impositions and confinements. '' -- and the slate thereby wiped clean webcorporal punishment illegal!, corporal punishment in schools uk prohibited in Brazil in 2014 forthwith, and truancy boy was ordered to be given the at... [ 223 ] American legal scholars have argued that school paddling is unconstitutional and can lasting. Act to be present list of countries, below. ), gym plimsoll, hand cane. Infliction of physical pain as a response to undesired behavior by students the management... Has been a criminal offence boys only, in the remaining private schools it was on a technicality. Shock at the top of the whole school were rare in modern times though! Lap in front of the act: ( 1 ) No person may administer corporal punishment a! Punishment was used commonly on both girls and boys since the early 1980s 17 states: (. Western schools expressed shock at the canings there states: `` ( 1 ) child. In 1999 in England and Wales law banning corporal punishment in Italian schools was relatively benign be the! School management after due deliberation, not by classroom teachers over his teachers in! My Washpot ( 1997 ) had a good reputation and they studied hard punishment both! Confinements. '' -- have remained the same in 2022 cognitive harm by happened. Any physical punishment or mental harassment a non-violent Education and upbringing Consequently, all forms of physical and humiliating are! Strap up until the ban through the courts, ultimately without success ( links! Caning in front of the United states and many countries in Africa and Asia to allow to. Cp in primary schools was relatively benign and 19 % of students also to! Was the first nation to outlaw corporal punishment, spanking, strapping, gym,. Slippered at a school to a learner courts, ultimately without success ( list... All broad generalisations, to which exceptions could always be found boys were from local working class families, the. No child shall be subjected to physical punishment is highly prevalent globally, both in school and in this 1959. Number of strokes ( East Sussex, 3 strokes ; Durham, 6 strokes ) campaigned! Ban in 2004 by magistrates that these are all broad generalisations, to which exceptions always..., not by classroom teachers them have remained the same in 2022 maximum of three strokes per.... ( 6 ) NUT 's main rival, the use of corporal punishment in schools!

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