Most cities have yet to unlock the full potential of their existing revenue sources, let alone tap into new streams. How do taxes affect the economy in the long run? The quest for development has for a long time been a very important stage in human life. Taxation as a Source of Revenue Generation in Local Governments, Nigeria Authors: Augustine Osho Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti David Adelagun Ajayi Abstract and Figures period of 5years. endobj We also look into the future in an. /S /Transparency What is the difference between a tax-exclusive and tax-inclusive sales tax rate? >> The City of Chicago has instituted such a program several times over the past two decades. /Type /Page What are health reimbursement arrangements and how do they work? /Image8 18 0 R Theoretically the study was supported with the Efficiency and Development theories. /CreationDate (D:20131230000155+10'00') istorically, the development of direct taxation in local, government in Nigeria can be traced to the )ritish pre*colonial period under this, Recently the revenue that accrues to local government is derived from t#o broad. The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria pp 325343Cite as. <> xo A>a#dkU(0 KJ@C2aOb4a&MoZ(K#YWa-SI{;E zubQ?$6 J&/oB50uvF>LO>Cw~N.1~,s%8#/A"akFu^6V07ST]hi/p4g8GtC? _X*O9H+CaB(ErQK]0K|d)F2t4a6ntHFcjdiD What are itemized deductions and who claims them? Two Decades in Effect: Volume-Based Waste Fee System in South Korea, Ministry of Environment, South Korea, January 2016. %PDF-1.4 CrossRef What types of nonemployer-sponsored retirement savings accounts are available? What is the difference between carryover basis and a step-up in basis? What is the difference between marginal and average tax rates? 2016. << To serve as the third tier of government through #hich appropriate services and, development are made in response to the #ishes of local community through their, &. VIP services can also be offered where increased fee levels guarantee higher quality. Ayodele, I. O., & Sunday, A. E. (2009). What are inversions, and how will TCJA affect them? /Font << How do financing methods affect the distributional analyses of tax cuts? In 2019, 31 percent of state general revenue came from the federal government (e.g., the federal share of Medicaid spending and federal transportation money allocated for state projects) and 1 percent came from local governments. How do flexible spending accounts for health care expenses work? How might the taxation of capital gains be improved? How did the TCJA change the standard deduction and itemized deductions? Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 7(8),113123. /Meta50 52 0 R /F1 20 0 R /Meta56 45 0 R >> How receptive citizens and businesses are to a given intervention in a revenue stream can have significant impact on the interventions long-term viability. What tax changes did the Affordable Care Act make? Today, the LGDF receives only 6.06% of total personal income tax the state receives, a reduction . >> the enabling law in form of local government act 1997 (amended). The rapid urbanization of the worlds population is well under way. D$IOS|O+kJp> >> Revenue generation: Its impact on government developmental effort (A study of selected local council in Kogi East senatorial district). How does the tax system subsidize child care expenses? Local governments include county governments, municipalities, townships, special districts (such as water and sewage authorities), and school districts. /Image8 18 0 R https://www.odi.org/events/282-innovations-poverty-reduction-role-local-government. /Meta78 65 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] >> endstream In addition, elected officials must strike a tricky balance between raising taxes and fees and maintaining public support. xZs8hI6mzumvwn:ul7 z?0{v8,Vjq.W?_/NOfSXbyqhu0r}z2/6r>YmM%`@NUOv- What was the experience with return-free filing in California? A citizens guide to the fascinating (though often complex) elements of the US tax system. /Group << /Type /Page /Type /Page How do state earned income tax credits work? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] >> /F2 83 0 R By doing so, the people's interest would be geared towards giving their maximum support to the local government which would lead to the development of the rural area? In our experience, governments can capture significant valueup to 50 percent of potential additional revenuesby implementing measures linked to effectiveness such as enhancing collections and audit processes or better asset monetization. The share coming from property taxes fell from 22 percent of general revenue in 1977 to 17 percent in 1985, but since then property taxes as a share of general revenue have been relatively stable. endobj endobj Cities could also revise their pricing models by using differentiating factors specific to each revenue lever. Strategic control and revenue generation: A critical success factor in local government using the balanced scorecard. /GS7 17 0 R /Type /Catalog /ExtGState << /Font << endobj /Meta52 49 0 R Elected officials have four primary revenue sources, each containing multiple levers. In: Oloruntoba, S.O. /StructParents 8 >> 6 Edogbanya, A., & Sule, J. G. (2013). (All sources of local government general revenue do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.) International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(6), pp. ZY,$85Y4$4p8 xGYX4238. /StructParents 6 /ExtGState << /Font << And these sources tend to be far from optimized: local governments are often unaware of how to get more from existing sources and lack the resources to mount such efforts. The Local Government Act 462 of 1993 authorises and empowers the district assemblies to mobilise revenue in the form of rates, fees & fines, licences, rent, among others to help finance projects in their various areas of authority. >> Taxes accounted for 42 percent of local general revenue in 2017. nQt}MA0alSx k&^>0|>_',G! /Meta37 37 0 R /ExtGState << /Meta82 68 0 R What is the TCJA repatriation tax and how does it work? The survey research design was adopted for this study, with 414 staff of Ikorodu local government area as the population of the study. /F9 55 0 R All major sources of revenue have grown in real dollars since 1977, with charges seeing the largest increase in percentage terms ($132 billion in 1977 to $575billion in 2019, or a 337 percent increase) and transfers seeing the largest increase in total dollars ($263 billion in 1977 to $762 billion in 2019, or a 189 percent increase). Please email us at: 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050, says UN, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, May 16, 2018, un.org. Hb``$WR~|@T#2S/`M. /Meta49 54 0 R International Journal of Arts and Humanities Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2(3), S/No. What is the role of monetary policy in alleviating economic downturns? Transfers for education programs account for over two-thirds of state government transfers to localities. (All sources of local government general revenue do not sum to 100 percent because of rounding.). /Resources << The State's own budgetary issues have put a major strain on local government budgets across Illinois. What is carried interest, and how is it taxed? 0000002251 00000 n Wendthat,incitieswherearelativelyhighershareofrevenueiscollectedthrough nes, fees, and asset forfeitures, violent crimes are cleared at a relatively lower rate, 3 N')].uJr 14 0 obj Why do low-income families use tax preparers? /Meta55 44 0 R What are the sources of revenue for state governments? 5 0 obj <>stream 11 2. 10 0 obj /ModDate (D:20131230000155+10'00') Development which is a necessity in every society can be achieved to a great extent with adequate resources. /Type /Group /Meta39 39 0 R This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. This research work examines how the federal Government of Nigeria generate revenue and the development of Local Government Areas, Revenue Generation and the Development of Local Government Areas, 100% found this document useful (8 votes), 100% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Revenue Generation and the Development of Local Go For Later. Catawba Publishing Company. It is therefore suggested that the level of economic dependence on coal widely varies, and some, but not all, local governments will require financial assistance after the coal phase-out. revenue generation and the development of the rural areas using Ikorodu local government in Lagos Nigeria. - 185.64.219.103. >> Who bears the burden of federal excise taxes? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] The principal aims of creating local governments were as follows: 1. state and local government with a recommendation that conscious effort be made to allocate more revenues to states and local governments. 1 Within this larger context, the ability of local governments to successfully and sustainably use revenue powers depends on an appropriate multi-dimensional constitutional/legal/ administrative framework. Small Business Effect: Potential meaningful. What did the 200810 tax stimulus acts do? endobj /Tabs /S /S /Transparency This effect is the strongest in mostly rural and sparsely populated areas where lignite is mined and used for power generation. What is a territorial tax and does the United States have one now? Areas to be assessed may include the following metrics: Ease of implementation. This intervention is typically most applicable to service feesspecifically, utility services such as water, sewage, or electricity. Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances. 8 Intergovernmental transfers accounted for 36 percent of local general revenue in 2017 (figure 1). All revenue data are from the US Census Bureaus Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections. Candice Ferrette and Robert Brodsky, Red-light camera revenues jump in Nassau County,. /Resources << << The logic is that, in areas where the revenue capacity is high, a relative higher tax . . 0000001743 00000 n What would the tax rate be under a broad-based income tax? This category involves enhancing internal effectiveness of city teams to generate more revenues without visible impact to the public. Gordon, Tracy, Richard Auxier, and John Iselin. Which tax provisions subsidize the cost of health care? Census of Governments, vol. What would and would not be taxed under a national retail sales tax? 2 0 obj Local Government Finance and Implications for Development: A Case Study of the Ikorodu Government Area Lagos State. >> The maximum curtailed power was 963 MW, and the total annual curtailed energy generation was 560 million kWh, with a . startxref (*(%8H8c- fd9@6_IjH9(3=DR1%? endobj >> 3 0 obj /GS7 17 0 R Dibie, R. A. (&. When renegotiating existing leases, several levers can be utilized, such as increasing allowable floor-to-area ratio (FAR), collecting penalties for violations, amending contract duration and payment terms, and modifying plot use. Next, cities should perform a thorough gap analysis to define the potential revenue impact for any given stream. /Pages 2 0 R )U!$5X3/9 ($5j%V*'&*r" (,!!0b;C2( I8/ /Tabs /S Local governments collected $1.7 trillion of general revenue in 2017. /Annots [86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R] /Meta51 48 0 R /StructParents 0 Even though what the local government had generated from internal and external sources have impacted the area to an extent, local government finance system i.e. Effect: Volume-Based Waste Fee system in South Korea, Ministry of Environment, South Korea, January.... 0000001743 00000 n what would the tax rate be under a national retail sales tax /s /Transparency what the... 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